Renaissance BioScience’s yeast-based RNA interference technology produces and delivers double-stranded RNA that specifically targets essential gene functions in Colorado potato beetles, tricking the pests into killing themselves.
RNA interference is a natural genetic system in eukaryotic life that likely evolved to recognize and destroy invading double-stranded RNA viruses. Eukaryotes are organisms whose cells have a clearly defined nucleus enclosed within a membrane envelope. The nuclear membrane contains the chromosomes, the hereditary material.
Renaissance chief executive officer John Husnik said, “This natural RNA interference system processes dsRNA and creates a memory within the same cell which very specifically destroys the same RNA molecule if it is encountered by cutting it to pieces.
“The machinery is not specific for viruses so if a dsRNA molecule that is complementary to one of the cells’ own genes is introduced into the cell, the machinery will process it and cut apart its own genetic material.
“Our inactivated yeast harbors specific dsRNA targeting (Colorado potato beetles). When it’s ingested by the feeding larvae, their cells take up the dsRNA and their own RNAi machinery begins to target the cells genes that are essential for life. This causes rapid cessation of feeding leading to death.”
Husnik said this approach enables him to target an essential gene from a single insect, so only that species dies when the dsRNA is eaten. The precise design of the dsRNA molecule ensures there are no off-target effects on pollinators or even closely related species. The system allows for a completely biodegradable delivery that’s environmentally friendly.
“We believe the innate biology of yeasts make them perfectly suited to produce the dsRNA. The robust cell wall protects the delicate dsRNA effector molecule within. This should allow the dsRNA to remain stable in the environment for much longer time periods, maintaining plant protection and potentially reducing application rates. We will be able to provide additional details as we complete the upcoming field trials beginning next summer.”
Potato growers often carry out as many as 20 sprays per season fighting off disease and potato beetles. Any new crop protection product has to eliminate spray applications to be considered viable. How many sprays applications can dsRNA eliminate?
If biopesticide technology proves out in 2022 Colorado potato beetle field trials, it might be appropriate for other pests such as mountain pine beetles, corn root worms and crucifer flea beetles.